2014年以来，美洲(巴西、哥伦比亚、墨西哥等)多个国家发生寨卡病毒感染病例，欧洲（丹麦、芬兰、德国、意大利等）、亚洲（中国台湾、以色列）、大洋洲（澳大利亚） 等地的多个国家和地区也有输入病例报告。

 一、什么是寨卡病毒？ 
      寨卡（Zika）病毒病是由寨卡病毒引起的一种自限性急性传染病，主要通过埃及伊蚊叮咬传播。感染寨卡病毒后约五分之一的人会出现临床症状，一般症状较轻，通常在2-7天后自愈,主要临床表现有发热、皮疹和肌肉、关节疼痛等，也可伴有结膜炎、眼后痛和呕吐等表现。目前研究表明，该病毒感染可能会导致格林-巴利综合征，孕妇感染后可能会导致胎儿小头畸形。     

二、如何预防？  
   目前该病尚无疫苗，也没有特效药物。防患寨卡病毒的最佳方式就是防止蚊子叮咬。
    1、大力开展爱国卫生运动，清理环境，消除蚊虫孳生地。及时清理房前屋后的缸、罐、废旧轮胎、啤酒瓶、竹筒、陶瓷器皿等积水容器以及饮水器接水槽等室内积水容器；排干房前屋后及屋顶沟渠死水；储水容器加盖，以防蚊子进入；防止垃圾堆积，将垃圾放入密闭塑料袋并放入密闭容器中。 
    2、减少与蚊子接触的机会。使用纱窗、纱门，睡觉时挂蚊帐或使用防蚊剂；尽量穿宽松、浅色长袖衣服和长裤，在皮肤裸露部分使用驱避剂；避免在蚊子活动高峰时刻在蚊子出没频繁的树荫、草丛、凉亭、垃圾站等地方逗留。

3、孕妇及计划怀孕的女性谨慎前往寨卡病毒病流行的国家或地区，如确需赴这些国家或地区时，应严格做好个人防护措施，防止蚊虫叮咬。 

4、从存在寨卡病毒本地传播的地区回来后，若出现不适请及时到正规医院的发热门诊就诊，并告知近期旅行史。 

义乌市疾病预防控制中心 

Health Education Knowledge on Zika Virus

Since 2014, Zika virus has been circulated in many countries of the Americas, like Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and case reports have also been identified in countries and regions of Europe (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy), Asia (Taiwan of China, Israel) and Oceania (Australia).

1. What is Zika virus? 
    It is a self-limiting acute infectious disease caused by Zika virus and primarily transmitted through the bites of Aedes mosquitoes.About 1 in5 people infected with Zika virus become ill and the illness is usually mild with symptoms lasting for 2-7 days. The most common symptoms of Zika are fever, rash, joint pain, or conjunctivitis (red eyes) and vomiting. The present study shows that the virus could cause Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and fetal microcephaly in babies of mothers who had Zika virus while pregnant.    

2. How to prevent?  
    Currently, there is no specific treatment or vaccine available. The best form of prevention is protection against mosquito bites.

1. Vigorously carry out public health campaign to clean up the surroundings and eliminate mosquito breeding places. Timely clean up cylinders, cans, discarded tires, beer bottles, bamboo and pottery containers as well as drinking water containers, sinks and other indoor water containers; drain stagnant water ditches around the houses and on the roofs; cover water containers to stop mosquitoes from entering; prevent the accumulation of garbage and place the garbage in airtight plastic bags and then in a sealed container. 
    2. Reduce the chances of contact with mosquitoes. Use window screens, door screens; hang a mosquito net or use mosquito repellent while sleeping; try to wear loose, light-colored long-sleeved clothes and trousers, and use repellent on the exposed part of the skin; keep away from the mosquito-infested areas of tree shade, bushes, shelters and garbage stations in the peak hours of mosquito activities.

3. Pregnant women and women planning to be pregnant shall have a thorough thought before forwarding to Zika virus endemic countries or regions. If you have to go, make sure to take strict protective measures to prevent mosquito bites. 

4. People, who feel unwell after coming back from areas spread with Zika virus, should go to the fever clinic of registered hospital immediately and explain to doctors the recent travel history.

Yiwu Municipal Center for Disease Prevention & Control